Document
Subject: Objectives
Chapter 14 Objectives
Anatomy of the Digestive System (pp. 412-423)
Name the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs and identify each on an appropriate diagram or model.
Identify the overall function of the digestive system as digestion and absorption of foodstuffs, and describe the general activities of each digestive system organ.
Describe the composition and function(s) of saliva.
Name the deciduous and permanent teeth and describe the basic anatomy of a tooth.
Explain how villi aid digestive processes in the small intestine.
Functions of the Digestive System (pp. 423-433)
Describe the mechanisms of swallowing, vomiting, and defecation.
Describe how foodstuffs in the digestive tract are mixed and moved along the tract.
Describe the function of local hormones in the digestive process.
List the major enzymes or enzyme groups produced by the digestive organs or accessory glands and name the foodstuffs on which they act.
Name the end products of protein, fat, and carbohydrate digestion.
State the function of bile in the digestive process.
Nutrition and Metabolism (pp. 434-445)
Define nutrient, essential nutrient, and calorie.
List the six major nutrient categories. Note important dietary sources and the principal cellular uses of each.
Define enzyme, metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism.
Describe the metabolic roles of the liver.
Recognize the sources of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and their uses in cell metabolism.
Explain the importance of energy balance in the body and indicate consequences of energy imbalance.
List several factors that influence metabolic rate, and indicate the effect of each.
Describe how body temperature is regulated.
Developmental Aspects of the Digestive System and Metabolism (pp. 445 and 449)
Name important congenital disorders of the digestive system and significant inborn errors of metabolism.
Describe the effect of aging on the digestive system.
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Document
Subject: Outline Framework
Chapter 14 - The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (pp. 412-423)
Organs of the Alimentary Canal (GI Tract) (pp. 412-421)
Mouth (Oral Cavity)
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Large Intestine
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending, Transverse, and Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
Accessory Digestive Organs (pp. 421-423)
Pancreas
Liver and Gallbladder
Salivary Glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Teeth
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (pp. 423-433)
Overview of Gastrointestinal Processes and Controls (pp. 423-425)
Ingestion
Propulsion
Food Breakdown: Mechanical Digestion
Food Breakdown: Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
Activities Occurring in the Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (pp. 425-427)
Food Ingestion and Breakdown
Food Propulsion - Swallowing and Peristalsis
Activities of the Stomach (pp. 429-430)
Food Breakdown
Food Propulsion
Activities of the Small Intestine (pp. 430-433)
Food Breakdown and Absorption
Food Propulsion
Activities of the Large Intestine (p. 433)
Food Breakdown and Absorption
Propulsion of the Residue and Defecation
NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (pp. 434-445)
Nutrition (p. 435)
Dietary Sources of Major Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Metabolism (pp. 435-436)
Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism in Body Cells (pp. 436-439)
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Fat Metabolism
Protein Metabolism
The Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism (pp. 439-441)
General Metabolic Functions
Cholesterol Metabolism and Transport
Body Energy Balance (pp. 441-445)
Regulation of Food Intake
Metabolic Rate and Body Heat Production
Basal Metabolic Rate
Total Metabolic Rate
Body Temperature Regulation
Heat-Promoting Mechanisms
Heat Loss Mechanisms
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND METABOLISM (pp. 445-449)
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Document
Subject: Terms: Digestion (412~433)
The Digestive System
pp. 412~433
digest
absorb
alimentary canal = gastrointentnal GI) tract
mouth = oral cavity
lips (labia)
cheeks
hard palate
soft palatae
uvula
vestibule
oral cavity proper
tongue
frenulum
pharynx
laryngopharynx
esophagus
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa
visceral peritoneum
parietal pritoneum
mesentery
submucosal nerve plexus
nyenteric nerve plexus
stomach
cardioesophageal sphincter
fundus
body
pylorus
pyloric sphincter (valve)
rugae
greater curvature
lesser curvature
lesser omentum
greater omentum
gastric juice
gastric glands
chief cells
pepsinogens
parietal cells
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
chume
small intestine
ileocecal valve
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
pancreatic duct
bile duct
microvilli
brush border
villi
lacteal
circular folds (plicae circulares)
Peyer’s patches
large intestine
cecum
appencix
colon
rectum
anal canal
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid
anus
pancreas
liver
falciform ligament
bile
common hepatic duct
gallbaldder
cystic duct
salivary glands
parotid glands
mumps
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
salivary amylase
teeth
masticate (chew)
deciduous teeth = milk teeth = baby teeth
permanent teeth
incisors
canines
premolars
molars
crpwm
root
gingiva = gum
enamel
neck
cementum
periodontal membrane (ligament)
dentin
pulp cavity
root canal
ingestion
propulsion
peristalsis
segmentation
mechanical digeston
chemical digeston
absorption
defecation
gastric juice
gastrin
HCl
hiatal hernia
pepsinogen
pepsin
rennin
vomiting
brush border enzymes
pancreatic juice
secretin
somatostatin
histamine
cholescystokinin
gastric inhibitory peptide
mass movements
defecation reflex
diverticula
diverticulosis
diarrhea
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Document
Subject: Terms: Metabolism (434~445)
Nutrition and Metabolism
pp. 433~445
nutrition
nutrient
ATP
kilocalories
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
vitamins
coenzymes
minerals
metabollism
catabolism
anabolism
glucose = blood sugar
cellular respiration
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
electron transport chain
hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia
fat metabolism
fats
acidosis
ketosis = acidosis
proteins
amino acids
essential amino acids
ammonia
urea
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
glyconeogenesis
cholesterol
high~density lipoproteins = HDLs
low~density lipoproteins = LDLs
energy intake
energy output
basal metabolic rate
thyroxine
total metabolic rate
body temperature regulation
heat-promoting mechanisms
vasoconstriction
shivering
frostbite
hypothermia
heat loss mechanisms
radiation
evaporation
hyperthermia
heta stroke
heat exhaustion
fever = controlled hyperthermia
cleft palate
cleft lip
tracheoesophageal fistula
cyctic fibrosis
phenylketonuria
gastroenteritis
appendicitis
ulcer
gall bladder disease
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Document
Subject: Vocabulary Games and Drills
Quia! Site: flash cards, games, drills, and simulations to help you learn vocabulary terms, prefixes, suffixes, etc.
http://www.quia.com/med.html
There are 35 different games to help you practice terms
anatomic directions and body positions
blood and immunity
body cavities and body regions
body structure
cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
cells, tissues and organs
directional terms
disease
drugs
integmentary system
musculoskeletal system
respiration
suffixes and plural endings
urology
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Document
Subject: WebLinks
Anatomy and Physiology for High School
http://www.msms.doe.k12.ms.us/biology/anatomy/apmain.html
An Anatomy and Physiology site aimed at high school students. Click on the appropriate organ system for hyperlinked text and animations. This site is very easy to understand and use.
Anatomy and Physiology Home Page
An online class/tutorial on anatomy and physiology from Springfield Technical Community College
http://lls.stcc.mass.edu/tamarkin/APhome.htm
Scroll Down and click on the appropriate unit
Good text explantions and diagrams
General Biology II at the University of Cinncinnatti
The BUGLADY Site
http://buglady.clc.uc.edu/biology/bio105/carter.htm
Go to ClassNotes and then to the appropriate unit.
A simple and clear introduction to tissues and organ systems
Good diagrams!
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