Chapter 3 Objectives

Cells (pp. 54-72)

Name the four elements that make up the bulk of living matter and list several trace elements.
Define cell, organelle, and inclusion.
Identify on a cell model or diagram the three major cell regions (nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane).
List the structures of the nucleus and explain the function of chromatin and nucleoli.
Identify on a cell model or describe the organelles and discuss the major function of each.
Define selective permeability, diffusion (including dialysis and osmosis), active transport, passive transport, solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, and explain how the various transport processes account for the directional movements of specific substances across the plasma membrane.
Describe briefly the process of DNA replication and of mitosis.
Explain the importance of mitotic cell division. In relation to protein synthesis, describe the roles of DNA and of the three varieties of RNA.

Body Tissues (pp. 74-86)

Name the four major tissue types and their chief subcategories.
Explain how the four major tissue types differ structurally and functionally.
Give the chief locations of the various tissue types in the body.
Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing).

Developmental Aspects of Cells and Tissues (pp. 86-87)

Define neoplasm, and distinguish between benign and malignant neoplasms.
Explain the significance of the fact that some tissue types (muscle and nerve) are amitotic after the growth stages are over.

Chapter 3 Outline Framework

Chapter 3 - Cells and Tissues Part 1:

Cells (pp. 54-74) OVERVIEW OF THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE (p. 54)
ANATOMY OF A GENERALIZED CELL (pp. 54-61)
The Nucleus (p. 55)
- Nuclear Membrane
- Nucleoli Chromatin
The Plasma Membrane (pp. 56-57)
- Specializations of the Plasma Membrane
The Cytoplasm (pp. 57-61)
- Cytoplasmic Organelles
  - Ribosomes
  - Endoplasmic Reticulum
  - Golgi Apparatus
  - Lysosomes
  - Peroxisomes
  - Mitochondria
  - Cytoskeleton
  - Centrioles
CELL PHYSIOLOGY (pp. 61-74)
Membrane Transport (pp. 61-67)
- Passive Transport Processes:
  - Diffusion
  - Filtration
- Active Transport Processes
  - Solute Pumping
  - Bulk Transport
  - Exocytosis
  - Endocytosis
Cell Division (pp. 67-72)
DNA Replication
Events of Cell Division
- Mitosis
  - Prophase
  - Metaphase
  - Anaphase
  - Telophase
- Cytokinesis
Protein Synthesis (pp. 72-74)
Genes: The Blueprint for Protein Structure
- The Role of RNA
- Transcription
- Translation
Part 2: Body Tissues (pp. 74-86)
EPITHELIAL TISSUE (pp. 76-78)
Special Characteristics of Epithelium (p. 76)
Classification of Epithelium (pp. 76-78)
Simple Epithelia
- Simple Squamous Epithelium
- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- Simple ColumnarEpithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Epithelia
- Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Stratified Cuboidal
- Stratified Columnar Epithelia
Transitional Epithelium
Glandular Epithelium
- Endocrine Glands
- Exocrine Glands
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (pp. 78-82)
Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue (pp. 78-80)
Types of Connective Tissue (pp. 80-82)
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Dense Connective Tissue
- Loose Connective Tissue
- Areolar Tissue
- Adipose Tissue
- Reticular Connective Tissue
- Blood
MUSCLE TISSUE (pp. 82-84)
Types of Muscle Tissue (pp. 83-84)
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
NERVOUS TISSUE (pp. 84-86)
- neurons
- supporting cells
Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) (pp. 84-86)
- Regeneration
- Fibrosis
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF CELLS AND TISSUES (pp. 86-87)
- neoplasm
- hyperplasia

Chapter 3 Terms: (Cells and Cell Processes and Tissues)

Cells and Cell Processes

Cells and Tissues pp. 54~74

cells
nucleus
nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)
nucleoplasm
nucleoli
hromatin
chromosomes
plasma membrane
microvilli
membrane junctions
tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions
cytoplasm
cytosol
organelles
inclusions
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles
secretory vesicles
lysosomes
eroxisomes
free radicals
mitochondria
cytoskeleton
intermediate filaments
microfilaments
microtubules
centrioles
flagella
membrane transport
solution
solvent
solutes
intracellular fluid
interstitial fluid
selective permeability
passive transport processes
active transport processes
diffusion
concentration gradient
simple diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
filtration
pressure gradient
active transport processes
osmotic pressure
isotonic solution
hypertonic solution
hypotonic solution
solute pumping
solute pumps
bulk transport
exocytosis
endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
cell division
cell life cycle
interphase
cell division
DNA replication
template
mitosis
cytokinesis
prophase
mitotic spindle
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cleavage furrow
gene
transfer RNA (tRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
messenger RNA (mRNA)
transcription
codon
triplet
anticodon
translation

Tissues

Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Tissue Repair

tissue

Epithelial Tissue

apical surface
basement membrane
simple epithelium
stratified epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
serous membranes (serosa, serosae)
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
globlet cells
mucous membranes (mucosa, mucosae)
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
stratified cuboidal epithelium
stratified columnar epithelium
transitional epithelium
glandualr epithelium
gland secretion
endocrine glands
exocrine glands

Connective Tissue

vascularized extracellular matrix
collagen fibers
elastic fibers
reticular fibers
bone
cartilage
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage
dense connective tissue (dense fibrous tissue)
tendons
ligaments
loose connective tissue
areolar tissue
edema
adipose tissue
reticular connective tissue
stroma
blood

Muscle Tissue

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
intercalated disks
smooth muscle (visceral muscle)

Nervous Tissue

neurons
supporting cells

Tissue Repair

regeneration
fibrosis
granulation tissue
neoplasm