Skeletal

Chapter 5 Objectives

Bones: An Overview (pp. 112-120)
Identify the subdivisions of the skeleton as axial or appendicular.
List at least three functions of the skeletal system.
Name the four main kinds of bones.
Identify the major anatomical areas of a long bone.
Explain the role of bone salts and the organic matrix in making bone both hard and flexible.
Describe briefly the process of bone formation in the fetus and summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life.
Name and describe the various types of fractures.
Axial Skeleton (pp. 120-132)
On a skull or diagram, identify and name the bones of the skull.
Describe how the skull of a newborn infant (or fetus) differs from that of an adult, and explain the function of fontanels.
Name the parts of a typical vertebra and explain in general how the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae differ from one another.
Discuss the importance of the intervertebral discs and spinal curvatures.
Explain how the abnormal spinal curvatures (scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis) differ from one another.
Appendicular Skeleton (pp. 132-139)
Identify on a skeleton or diagram the bones of the shoulder and pelvic girdles and their attached limbs.
Describe important differences between a male and female pelvis.
Joints (pp. 142-146)
Name the three major categories of joints and compare the amount of movement allowed by each. Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton (pp. 147-149)
Identify some of the causes of bone and joint problems throughout life.

Chapter 5 Outline Framework

BONES: AN OVERVIEW (pp. 112-120)
Functions of the Bones (pp. 112-113)
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Storage
- Blood Cell Formation
Classification of Bones (p. 113)
- Compact Bone
- Spongy Bone
Structure of a Long Bone (pp. 114-117)
- Gross Anatomy
- Microscopic Anatomy
Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling (pp. 117-118)
Bone Fractures (pp. 118-120)
AXIAL SKELETON (pp. 120-132)
- Skull (pp. 120-126)
  - Cranium
  - Frontal Bone
  - Parietal Bones
  - Temporal Bones
  - External Auditory Meatus
  - Styloid Process
  - Zygomatic Process
  - Mastoid Process
  - Jugular Foramen
  - Occipital Bone
  - Sphenoid Bone
  - Ethmoid Bone
  - Facial Bones
  - Maxillae
  - alatine Bones
  - Zygomatic Bones
  - Lacrimal Bones
  - Nasal Bones
  - Vomer Bone
  - Inferior Conchae
  - Mandible
  - The Hyoid Bone
  - Fetal Skull
- Vertebral Column (Spine) (pp. 126-132)
  - Cervical Vertebrae
  - Thoracic Vertebrae
  - Lumbar Vertebrae
  - Sacrum
  - Coccyx
- Bony Thorax (p. 132)
  - Sternum
  - Ribs
    - True Ribs
    - False Ribs
    - Floating Ribs
APPENDICULAR SKELETON (pp. 132-139)
- Bones of the Shoulder Girdle (pp. 132-135)
  - Clavical (Collarbones)
  - Scapulae (Shoulder Blades)
- Bones of the Upper Limbs (pp. 135-136)
  - Arm
    - Humerus
  - Forearm
    - Radius
    - Ulna
  - Hand
    - Carpals
    - Metacarpals
    - Phalanges
- Bones of the Pelvic Girdle (pp. 136-137)
  - Coxal Bones (Hip Bones)
    - lium I
    - schium
    - Pubis
- Bones of the Lower Limbs (pp. 138-142)
  - Thigh
    - Femur
  - Leg
    - Tibia
    - Fibula
  - Foot
    - Tarsals
    - Metatarsals
    - Phalanges
JOINTS (pp. 143-146)
- Fibrous Joints (p. 143)
- Cartilaginous Joints (p. 143)
- Synovial Joints (pp. 143-144)
- Plane Joint
- Hinge Joint
- Pivot Joint
- Condyloid Joint
- Saddle Joint
- Ball-and-Socket Joint
- Inflammatory Disorders of Joints (pp. 144-146)
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE SKELETON (pp. 147-149)

Chapter 5 Terms: (bone basics axial skeleton limbs)

Bone Basics (pp. 112~120)

compact bone
spongy bone
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
diaphysis
periosteum
epiphyses
articular cartilage
epiphyseal line
epiphyseal plate
yellow marrow (medullary) cavity
red marrow
bone markings
tuberosity
crest
trochanter
line
tubercle
epicondyle
spine
head
facet
condyle
ramus
meatus
sinus
fossa
groove
fissure
foramen
microscopic anatomy
osteocytes
lacunae
lamellae
central (Haversian) canals
Haversian system
canaliculi
perforating (Volkman/s) canals
ossification
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes
fractures
closed reduction
open reduction
hematoma
fibrocargilage
callus
simple
compound
comminuted
compression
depressed
impacted
spiral
greenstick

Axial Skeleton

Skull (cranium)
frontal bone
parietal bones
temporal bones
external auditory meatus
styloid process
zygomatic process
mastoid process
jugular foramen
carotid canal
occipital bone
suture
foramen magnum
occipital condyles
sphenoid bone
sella turcica
foramen ovale
ethmoid bone
facial bones
maxillae
maxillary bones
palatine processes
paranasal sinuses
palatine bones
cleft palate
zygomatic bones
lacrimal bones
nasal bones
vomer bone
inferior conchae
mandible
hyoid bone
fetal skull
fontanels
Vertebral Column (Spine)
vertebrae
intervertebral discs
primary curvatures
secondary curvatures
body (centrum)
vertebral arch
vertebral foramen
transverse processes
spinous process
superior and inferior articular processes
cervical vertebrae
atlas
axis
odontoid process (dens)
thoracic vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
sacrum
alae
median sacral crest
sacral canal
coccyx
bony thorax
sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
ribs
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs

Limbs

Appendicular Skeleton pp. 132~149
shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle)
clavicle
scapula (scapulae)
acromion
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
arm
humerus
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
deltoid tuberosity
trochlea
capitulum
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
radius
radial tuberosity
ulna
coronoid fossa
olecranon process
trochlear notch
carpal bones
carpus
metacarpals
phalanges
pelvic girdle
coxal bones (ossa coxae)
illium
sacroiliac joint
iliac crest
anterior superior spine
posterior superior spine
ischium
ischial tuberosity
ischial spine
sciatic notch
pubis
obturator foramen
symphysis
acetabulum
false pelvis
true pelvis
leg
femur
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
nterotrochanteric crest
gluteal tuberosity
tibial tuberosity
medial malleolus
anterior crest fibula
lateral malleolus
tarsus t
arsal bones
calcaneus
talus
metatarsals
phalanges
joints
articulations
ynarthroses
amphiarthroses
diarthroses
fibrous joints
syndesmoses
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints
articular cartilage
fibrous articular capsule
joint cavity
reinforcing ligaments
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gouty arthritis (gout)
osteoporosis