Chapters 12~13: Mitosis and Meiosis
AP Biology
Stoneleigh-Burnham School
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Judith S. de Nuño
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Chapter Objectives

  1. Describe the structural organization the genome
  2. Overview the major events of cell division that enable the genome of one cell to be passed on to 2 daughter cells
  3. Describe how chromosome number changes throughout the human life cycle
  4. List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase
  5. List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase
  6. Recognize the phases of mitosis from diagrams or micrographs
  7. Draw or describe the spindle apparatus including centrosomes, nonkinetochore microtubules, kinetochore microtubules, asters, and centrioles (in animal cells)
  8. Describe what characteristic changes occur in the spindle apparatus during each phase of mitosis
  9. Explain the current models for poleward chromosomal movement and elongation of the cell's polar axis
  10. Compare cytokinesis in animals and plants
  11. Describe the process of binary fission in bacteria and how this process may have evolved to mitosis in eukaryotes
  12. Describe the roles of checkpoints, cyclin, Cdk, and MPF in the cell-cycle control system
  13. Describe the internal and external factors which influence the cell-cycle control system
  14. Explain how abnormal cell division of cancerous cells differs from normal cell division

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  1. Explain why organisms only reproduce their own kind and why offspring more closely resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same species
  2. Explain what makes heredity possible
  3. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction
  4. Diagram the human life cycle and indicate where in the human body that mitosis and meiosis occur: which cells are the result of meoisis and mitosis and which cells are haploid and which are diploid
  5. Distinguish among the life cycle patterns of animals, plants, and fungi
  6. List the phases of meiosis I and meiosis II and describe the events characteristic of each phase
  7. Recognize the phases of meiosis from diagrams or micrographs
  8. Describe the process of synapsis during prophase I and explain how genetic recombination occurs
  9. Describe key differences between mitosis and meiosis and explain how the end result of meiosis differs from that of mitosis
  10. Explain how independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms
  11. Explain why inheritable variation was crucial to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection
  12. List sources of genetic variation

 

Chapter Terms:

Chapter 12 Terms

cell cycle

cell division

genome

somatic cell

gametes

chromatin

sister chromatids

centromere

mitosis

cytokinesis

mitotic (M) phase

chromosomes

interphase

 

G1 phase

S phase

G2 phase

prophase

prometaphase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

mitotic spindle

kinetochore

metaphase plate

cleavage furrow

cell plate

cell-cycle control system

checkpoint

G0 phase

cyclin

cyclin-dependent kinase

MPF

growth factor

density-dependent inhibition

anchorage dependence

transformation

tumor

benign tumor

malignant tumor

metastasis

 

Chapter 13 Terms

heredity

variation

genetics

gene

asexual reporduction

clone

sexual reproduction

life cycle

somatic cycle

karyotype

 

 

homologous chromosomes

sex chromosomes

autosome

haploid cell

fertilization

syngamy

zygote

diploid cell

meiosis

alternation of generations

 

 

sporophyte

spores

gametophyte

meiosis I

meiosis II

synapsis

tetrad

chiasmata

chiasma

crossing over

 

Chapter Outline Framework

  1. The Key Roles of Cell Division
    1. Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair
    2. Cell dividion distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells
  2. The Mitotic Cell Cycle
    1. The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle
    2. The mitotic spindle distributes chromosomes to daughter cells
    3. Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm
    4. Mitosis in eukaryoties may have evoled from binary fission in bacteria
  3. Regulation in the Cell Cycle
    1. A molecular control system drives the cell cycle
    2. Internal and external cues help regulate the cell cycle
    3. Cancer cells have excaped from cell-cycle controls
  4. An Introduction to Heredity
    1. Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes
    2. Like begats like, more or less: A comparision of asexual versus sexual reproduction
  5. The Role of Meiosis in Sexual Life Cycles
    1. Fertilization an dmeiosis alternate in sexual life cycles
    2. Meiosis reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid
  6. Origins of Genetic Variation
    1. Sexual life cycles produce genetic variation among offspring
    2. Evolutionary adaptation depends on a population's genetic variation

 

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