Chapter
Objectives
- Describe the structural
organization the genome
- Overview the major events
of cell division that enable the genome of one cell to be passed
on to 2 daughter cells
- Describe how chromosome
number changes throughout the human life cycle
- List the phases of the
cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during
each phase
- List the phases of mitosis
and describe the events characteristic of each phase
- Recognize the phases of
mitosis from diagrams or micrographs
- Draw or describe the spindle
apparatus including centrosomes, nonkinetochore microtubules,
kinetochore microtubules, asters, and centrioles (in animal
cells)
- Describe what characteristic
changes occur in the spindle apparatus during each phase of
mitosis
- Explain the current models
for poleward chromosomal movement and elongation of the cell's
polar axis
- Compare cytokinesis in
animals and plants
- Describe the process of
binary fission in bacteria and how this process may have evolved
to mitosis in eukaryotes
- Describe the roles of
checkpoints, cyclin, Cdk, and MPF in the cell-cycle control
system
- Describe the internal
and external factors which influence the cell-cycle control
system
- Explain how abnormal cell
division of cancerous cells differs from normal cell division
*****
- Explain why organisms
only reproduce their own kind and why offspring more closely
resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same
species
- Explain what makes heredity
possible
- Distinguish between asexual
and sexual reproduction
- Diagram the human life
cycle and indicate where in the human body that mitosis and
meiosis occur: which cells are the result of meoisis and mitosis
and which cells are haploid and which are diploid
- Distinguish among the
life cycle patterns of animals, plants, and fungi
- List the phases of meiosis
I and meiosis II and describe the events characteristic of each
phase
- Recognize the phases of
meiosis from diagrams or micrographs
- Describe the process of
synapsis during prophase I and explain how genetic recombination
occurs
- Describe key differences
between mitosis and meiosis and explain how the end result of
meiosis differs from that of mitosis
- Explain how independent
assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization contribute
to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms
- Explain why inheritable
variation was crucial to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural
selection
- List sources of genetic
variation
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Chapter
Terms:
Chapter 12 Terms |
cell
cycle
cell division
genome
somatic cell
gametes
chromatin
sister chromatids
centromere
mitosis
cytokinesis
mitotic (M) phase
chromosomes
interphase
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G1
phase
S phase
G2 phase
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
mitotic spindle
kinetochore
metaphase plate
cleavage furrow
cell plate |
cell-cycle
control system
checkpoint
G0 phase
cyclin
cyclin-dependent kinase
MPF
growth factor
density-dependent inhibition
anchorage dependence
transformation
tumor
benign tumor
malignant tumor
metastasis |
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heredity
variation
genetics
gene
asexual reporduction
clone
sexual reproduction
life cycle
somatic cycle
karyotype
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homologous
chromosomes
sex chromosomes
autosome
haploid cell
fertilization
syngamy
zygote
diploid cell
meiosis
alternation of generations
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sporophyte
spores
gametophyte
meiosis I
meiosis II
synapsis
tetrad
chiasmata
chiasma
crossing over |
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Chapter
Outline Framework
- The Key Roles of Cell
Division
- Cell division functions
in reproduction, growth, and repair
- Cell dividion distributes
identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells
- The Mitotic Cell Cycle
- The mitotic phase
alternates with interphase in the cell cycle
- The mitotic spindle
distributes chromosomes to daughter cells
- Cytokinesis divides
the cytoplasm
- Mitosis in eukaryoties
may have evoled from binary fission in bacteria
- Regulation in the Cell
Cycle
- A molecular control
system drives the cell cycle
- Internal and external
cues help regulate the cell cycle
- Cancer cells have
excaped from cell-cycle controls
- An Introduction to
Heredity
- Offspring acquire
genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes
- Like begats like,
more or less: A comparision of asexual versus sexual reproduction
- The Role of Meiosis
in Sexual Life Cycles
- Fertilization an dmeiosis
alternate in sexual life cycles
- Meiosis reduces chromosome
number from diploid to haploid
- Origins of Genetic
Variation
- Sexual life cycles
produce genetic variation among offspring
- Evolutionary adaptation
depends on a population's genetic variation
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