central
nervous system
effector cells
nerves
peripheral nervous system stem
neurons
cell body
dendrites
axons
myelin sheath
Schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
synaptic terminals
synapse
sensory neurons
interneurons
motor neurons
reflex
ganglion (ganglia)
nuclei
supporting cells (glia)
blood~brain barrier
membrane potential
excitable cells
resting potential
gated ion channels
hyperpolarization
depolarization
graded potentials
threshold potential
action potential
voltage-gated ion channels
refractory period
saltatory conduction |
presynaptic
cell
postsynaptic cell
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicles
neurotransmitter
white matter
presynaptic membrane
postsynaptic membrane
excitatory postsynaptic potential
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
summation
biogenic amines
epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin
gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
glycine
glutamate
aspartate
neuropeptides
substance P
endorphins
cephalization
nerve cord
metencephalon
gray matter
central canal
ventricles
cerebrospinal fluid
meninges
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
sensory division
motor division |
somatic
nervous system autonomic
nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
myencephalon
brain stem
medulla oblongata
pons
inferior colliculi
superior colliculi
cerebellum
epithalamus
hypothalamus
suprochiasmatic nuclei
cerebral hemispheres
basal nuclei
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
EEG
reticular formation
limbic system
amygdala
short-term memory
long-term memory
hippocampus
long-term depression
long-germ potentiation
consciousness
nerve net |
sensation
perception
sensory reception
sensory receptor
exteroreceptors
interoreceptors
sensory transduction
receptor potential
amplification
transmission
integration
sensory adaptation
mechanoreceptors
muscle spindle
hair cell
pain receptor
nociceptor
thermoreceptor
chemoreceptor
gustatory receptor
olfactory receptor
electromagnetic receptor
photoreceptor
eye cup
compound eyes
ommatidia
single-lens eye
sclera
choriod
conjunctiva
cornea
iris
pupil
retina lens |
ciliary
body
aqueous humor
vitreous humor
accommodation
rod cells
cone cells
fovea
retina
opsin
rhodopsin
photopsins
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
horizontal cells
amacrine cells
lateral inhibition
optic chiasm
lateral geniculate nuclei
primary visual cortex
outer ear
tympanic membrane
middle ear
malleus
incus
stapes
oval window
Eustachian tube
inner ear
cochlea
organ of Corti
round window
pitch
utricle
saccule |
semicircular
canals
lateral line system
neuromast
statocysts
statoliths
taste buds
locomotion
hydrostatic skeleton
peristalsis
exoskeleton
cuticle
chitin
endoskeleton
skeletal muscle
myofibrils
myofilaments
thin filaments
thick filaments
sarcomere
sliding-filament model
phosphagens
creatine phosphate
trpomyosin
troponin complex
sarcoplasmic reticulum
tetanus
motor unit
recruitment
fast muscle fiber
slow muscle fiber
cardiac muscle
intercalated discs
smooth muscle |