Chapter 40: Animal Form and Function
AP Biology
Stoneleigh-Burnham School
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Judith S. de Nuño
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Chapter Objectives

  1. Define tissue and explain where it falls in the hierarchy of structural organization
  2. From micrographs or diagrams, correctly identify the following animal tissues, explain how their structure relates to function, and give examples of each
    1. epithelial: cuboidal, columnar, squamous
    2. connective: adipose, cartilage, bone
    3. muscle: skeletal (striated), cardiac, smooth
    4. nervous
  3. Describe how metabolic rate can be determined for animals and distinguish between basal metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate
  4. Describe several body shapes that maximize external surface area in contact with the environment
  5. Explain how animals with complex internal organization and relatively small surface area to volume ratio can have adequate surface area for materials exchange with the environment
  6. Describe the location and function of interstitial fluid
  7. Define homeostasis
  8. Distinguish between negative and positive feedback

Chapter Terms:

tissues

epithelial tissue

basement membrane

simple epithelium

stratified epithelium

cuboidal

columnar

squamous

mucous membrane

connective tissue

loose connective tissue

collagenous fibers

elastic fibers

reticular fibers

fibroblasts

macrophages

adipose tissue

tendons

fibrous connective tissue

ligaments

cartilage

chondrocytes

bone

osteoblasts

Haversian systems

blood

nervous tissue

neuron

muscle tissue

skeletal muscle

striated muscle

cardiac muscle

organs

mesenteries

thoracic cavity

abdominal cavity

organ systems

metabolic rate

calories (cal)

kilocalories (kcal)

basal metabolic rate

standard metabolic rate

interstitial fluid

homeostasis

negative feedback

positive feedback

 

Chapter Outline Framework

    1. Levels of Structural Organization
      1. Function correlates with structure in animal tissues
      2. Organ systems are interdependent
    2. Introduction to Animal Bioenergetics
      1. Animals are heterotrophs that harvest chemical energy from the food they ingest
      2. Metabolic rate provides clues to an animal's bioenergetic strategy
      3. Metabolic rate per gram is inversely related to body size among similar animals
    3. Body Plans and the External Environment
      1. Physical support on land depends on adaptations of body proportions and posture
      2. Body size and shape affect interactions with the environment
    4. Regulating the Internal Environment
      1. Mechanisms of homeostasis moderate changes to the internal environment
      2. Homeostasis depends on feedback circuits

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