Chapter Objectives

1. Define tissue and explain where it falls in the hierarchy of structural organization
2. From micrographs or diagrams, correctly identify the following animal tissues, explain how their structure relates to function, and give examples of each
   1. epithelial: cuboidal, columnar, squamous
   2. connective: adipose, cartilage, bone
   3. muscle: skeletal (striated), cardiac, smooth
   4. nervous
3. Describe how metabolic rate can be determined for animals and distinguish between basal metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate
4. Describe several body shapes that maximize external surface area in contact with the environment
5. Explain how animals with complex internal organization and relatively small surface area to volume ratio can have adequate surface area for materials exchange with the environment
6. Describe the location and function of interstitial fluid
7. Define homeostasis
8. Distinguish between negative and positive feedback

Chapter Terms:

Chapter Outline Framework

1. Levels of Structural Organization
   1. Function correlates with structure in animal tissues
   2. Organ systems are interdependent
2. Introduction to Animal Bioenergetics
   1. Animals are heterotrophs that harvest chemical energy from the food they ingest
   2. Metabolic rate provides clues to an animal's bioenergetic strategy
   3. Metabolic rate per gram is inversely related to body size among similar animals
3. Body Plans and the External Environment
1. Physical support on land depends on adaptations of body proportions and posture
2. Body size and shape affect interactions with the environment
4. Regulating the Internal Environment
1. Mechanisms of homeostasis moderate changes to the internal environment
2. Homeostasis depends on feedback circuits

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