Chapter Objectives

At the end of this unit students will be able to
1. Describe the contributions of Griffith; Avery, McCarty and McLeod; Hershey and Chase; Chargaff, Pauling, and Franklin, Wilkins, Watson, and Crick to the development of the DNA model.
2. Describe the structure of DNA and RNA molecules and their component nucleotides..
3. Relate the role of base-pairing rules to the structure of DNA.
4. Summarize the process of DNA replication and repair.
5. Compare the structure of DNA and RNA.
6. Summarize the processes of transcription and translation.
7. Determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein using DNA or RNA sequences and an RNA genetic code chart.
8. Describe how eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes are organized and regulated.
9. Describe five types of mutations and how they may alter genetic material.
10. Describe recent advances in gene technology and genetic engineering.

Chapter Terms

Identifying the Genetic Material	Structure of DNA
vaccine virulent transformation bacteriophage	double helix nucleotide deoxyribose base-pairing rules complementary base pair
Replication of DNA	From Genes to Proteins
adenine guanine cytosine thymine	ribonucleic acid uracil transcription translation messenger RNA (mRNA) ribosomal RNA (tRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) genetic code codon anticodons
Gene Regulation and Structure	Genetic Engineering
intron exon point mutation deletion insertion translocation	gene cloning Human Genome Project DNA fingerprinting