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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
Anatomy & Physiology
Marymount High School

a journey into the inner workings of the human body!


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Teacher:
Judith S. de Nuño

jdenuno@mhs-la.org

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http://members.home.net/jdenuno

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Objectives Outline Terms WebLinks Search
Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Physiology Symposium
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Chapter 6 Objectives

  • Overview of Muscle Tissues (pp. 154-158)
    • Describe similarities and differences in the structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue and indicate where they are found in the body.
    • Define and explain the role of the following: endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, tendon, and aponeurosis.
  • Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle (pp. 158-159)
    • Define muscular system.
    • Describe the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle
    • Explain the role of actin- and myosin-containing myofilaments.
  • Skeletal Muscle Activity (pp. 160-168)
    • Describe how an action potential is initiated in a muscle cell.
    • Describe the events of muscle cell contraction.
    • Define graded response, tetanus, isotonic and isometric contractions, and muscle tone as these terms apply to skeletal muscle.
    • Describe three ways in which ATP is regenerated during muscle activity. Define oxygen debt and muscle fatigue and list possible causes of muscle fatigue.
    • Describe the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on skeletal muscles and other body organs.
  • Muscle Movements, Types, and Names (pp. 168-173)
    • Define origin, insertion, prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator as they relate to muscles.
    • Demonstrate or identify the different types of body movements.
    • List some criteria used in naming muscles.
  • Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles (pp. 173-185)
    • Name and locate the major muscles of the human body (on a torso model, muscle chart, or diagram) and state the action of each.
  • Developmental Aspects of the Muscular System (p. 186)
    • Explain the importance of a nerve supply and exercise in keeping muscles healthy.
    • Describe the changes that occur in aging muscles.

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Chapter 6 Outline Framework

  • OVERVIEW OF MUSCLE TISSUES (pp. 154-158)
  • Muscle Types (pp. 154-157)
    • Skeletal Muscle
    • Smooth Muscle
    • Cardiac Muscle
  • Muscle Functions (pp. 157-158)
    • Producing Movement
    • Maintaining Posture
    • Stabilizing Joints
    • Generating Heat MICROSCOPIC
  • ANATOMY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE (pp. 158-159)
  • SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY (pp. 160-168)
  • Stimulation and Contraction of Single Skeletal Muscle Cells (pp. 160-163)
    • The Nerve Stimulus and the Action Potential Mechanism of Muscle Contraction: The Sliding Filament Theory
  • Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole (pp. 164-165)
    • Graded Responses
    • Muscle Response to Increasingly Rapid Stimulation
    • Muscle Response to Stronger Stimuli
  • Providing Energy for Muscle Contraction (pp. 165-168)
    • Muscle Fatigue and Oxygen Debt
    • Types of Muscle Contractions
    • Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Tone
    • Effect of Exercise on Muscles
  • MUSCLE MOVEMENTS, TYPES, AND NAMES (pp. 168-173)
  • Types of Body Movements (pp. 168-171)
    • Flexion
    • Extension
    • Abduction
    • Adduction
    • Rotation
    • Circumduction
    • Pronation
    • Supination
    • Inversion
    • Eversion
    • Dorsiflexion
    • Plantar Flexion
  • Types of Muscles (p. 171)
    • Prime Movers
    • Anatgonists
    • Synergists
    • Fixators
  • Naming Skeletal Muscles (pp. 172-173)
  • GROSS ANATOMY OF SKELETAL MUSCLES (pp. 173-185)
  • Head Muscles (pp. 173-174)
    • Facial Muscles
    • Frontalis
    • OrbicularisOculi
    • Orbicularis Oris
    • Buccinator
    • Zygomaticus
    • Chewing Muscles
    • Masseter
    • Temporalis
  • Trunk and Neck Muscles (pp. 174-177)
    • Anterior Muscles
      • Platysma
      • Sternocleidomastoid
      • Pectoralis Major
      • Intercostal Muscles
    • Muscles of the Abdominal Girdle
      • Rectus Abdominus
      • External Oblique
      • Internal Oblique
      • Transversus Abdominus
    • Posterior Muscles
      • Trapezius
      • Latissimus Dorsi
      • Erector Spinae
  • Deltoid Muscles of the Upper Limb (pp. 177-178)
    • Muscles of the Humerus That Act on the Forearm
      • Biceps Brachii
      • Triceps Brachii
  • Muscles of the Lower Limb (pp. 178-185)
    • Muscles Causing Movement at the Hip Joint
      • Iliopsoas Adductor Muscles
      • Gluteus Maximus
      • Gluteus Medius
    • Muscles Causing Movement at the Knee Joint
      • Sartorius
      • Quadriceps Group
        • Rectus Femoris
        • Vastus Muscles
      • Hamstring Group
        • Biceps Femoris
        • Semimembranosus
      • Semitendinosus Muscles Causing Movement at the Ankle and Foot
        • Tibialis Anterior
        • Peroneus Muscles
        • Gastrocnemius
  • DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (p. 186)

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Chapter 6 Terms: (Tips on Naming Muscles Muscle Basics Muscle Names)

Tips on Naming Skeletal Muscles 172~173

  • Direction of Muscle Fibers
    • rectus
    • oblique
  • Relative Size of Muscle Fibers
    • maximus
    • minimus
    • longus
  • Location of the Muscle
    • temporalis
    • frontalis
  • Number of Origins
    • biceps
    • triceps
    • quadriceps
  • Location of Origin and Insertion
    • sterno
    • cleido
    • mastoid
  • Muscle Shape
    • deltoid
  • Muscle Action
    • flexor
    • extensor
    • adductor

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Muscle Basics (pp. 154~173)

  • muscle fibers
  • skeletal muscle
  • skeletal muscle fibers
  • endomysium
  • perimysium
  • fascicle
  • epimysium
  • tendons
  • aponeuroses
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • muscle functions
  • muscular system
  • sarcolemma myofibrils
  • light (I) bands
  • dark (A) bands
  • sarcomeres
  • myofilaments
  • thick filaments
  • myosin
  • cross bridges
  • thin filaments
  • actin
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
  • motor unit
  • neuromuscular junctions
  • synaptic cleft
  • neurotransmitter
  • acethlcholine (ACh)
  • action potential
  • sliding filament theory
  • graded responses
  • muscle twitches
  • creatine phosphate
  • aerobic respiration
  • anaerobic respiration
  • glycolysis/lactic acid formation
  • lactic acid
  • muscle fatigue
  • oxygen debt
  • isotonic contractions
  • isometric contractions
  • muscle tone
  • aerobic (endurance) exercise
  • resistance exercise
  • origin
  • insertion
  • flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • rotation
  • circumduction
  • pronation
  • supination
  • inversion
  • eversion
  • dorsiflexion
  • plantar flexion
  • prime mover
  • antagonist
  • synergists
  • fixators

Muscle Names

  • Head Muscles
    • frontalis
    • orbicularis oculi
    • orbicularis oris
    • buccinator
    • zygomaticus
    • masseter t
    • emporalis
  • Trunk and Neck Muscles
    • platysma
    • sternocleidomastoid
    • pectoralis major
    • intercostal muscles
    • rectus abdominis
    • external oblique
    • internal oblique
    • transversus abdominis
    • trapeqius
    • latissimus dorsi
    • erector spinae
    • deltoid
  • Arm Muscles
    • biceps brachii
    • triceps brachii
    • deltoid
    • flexor carpi radiali
    • flexor carpi ulnaris
    • flexor digitorum
    • extensor carpi radialis
    • extensor digitorum
  • Leg Muscles
    • gluteus maxiums
    • gluteus minimus
    • iliopsoas
    • adductor muscles
    • sartorius
    • quadriceps group
      • rectus femoris
      • vastus muscles
    • hamstring group
      • biceps femoris
      • semimembraneous
      • semitendinosus
    • tibialis anterior
    • peroneus
    • gastrocnemius
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Chapter 1 WebLinks

  • The Virtual Hospital
  • http://www.vh.org/
    • The Virtual Hospital is a digital health sciences library created in 1992 at the University of Iowa to help meet the information needs of health care providers and patients. The goal of the Virtual Hospital digital library is to make the Internet a useful medical reference and health promotion tool for health care providers and patients.
    • The Virtual Hospital contains over 350 peer-reviewed books and booklets from 160 authors in 29 departments and 4 colleges on The University of Iowa campus.

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